@article{ABD MUID_RUTH FROEMMING_ALI_ABDUL RAHMAN_HAMID_NAWAWI_2022, title={EFFECTS OF PALM OIL DERIVED TOCOTRIENOL RICH FRACTION AND VITAMIN E ISOMERS ON BIOMARKERS OF EARLY ATHEROGENESIS IN STIMULATED HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS}, volume={51}, url={https://jms.mabjournal.com/index.php/mab/article/view/2485}, DOI={10.55230/mabjournal.v51i4.23}, abstractNote={<p class="p1">This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF), α-TOC, and pure TCT isomers (α-. γ- & δ-TCT) on inflammation, endothelial activation, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and monocyte binding activity (MBA) <em>in vitro</em>. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with various concentrations of α-TOC, pure TCT isomers and TRF (0.3-10 µM) together with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 16 h. Culture medium and cells were collected and measured for the protein and gene expression of IL-6, TNF-α, NFκB, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, e-selectin, and eNOS. Monocyte binding activity (MBA) was measured by Rose Bengal staining. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that TRF and pure TCT particularly γ- and δ- isomers, showed better inhibition of inflammation and endothelial activation, MBA and greater eNOS increment than α-TOC. These suggest that TRF and pure TCT isomers have potential as preventive anti-atherogenic agents by attenuating the release of early biomarkers of atherogenesis which is better than α-TOC in LPS-stimulated human endothelial cells.<span class="Apple-converted-space">   </span></p>}, number={4}, journal={Malaysian Applied Biology}, author={ABD MUID, SUHAILA and RUTH FROEMMING, GABRIELE ANISAH and ALI, ABD MANAF and ABDUL RAHMAN, THUHAIRAH HASRAH and HAMID, ZALINA and NAWAWI, HAPIZAH}, year={2022}, month={Oct.}, pages={145–152} }