TY - JOUR AU - ABD MUID, SUHAILA AU - RUTH FROEMMING, GABRIELE ANISAH AU - ALI, ABD MANAF AU - ABDUL RAHMAN, THUHAIRAH HASRAH AU - HAMID, ZALINA AU - NAWAWI, HAPIZAH PY - 2022/10/31 Y2 - 2024/03/29 TI - EFFECTS OF PALM OIL DERIVED TOCOTRIENOL RICH FRACTION AND VITAMIN E ISOMERS ON BIOMARKERS OF EARLY ATHEROGENESIS IN STIMULATED HUMAN UMBILICAL VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS JF - Malaysian Applied Biology JA - MAB VL - 51 IS - 4 SE - Research Articles DO - 10.55230/mabjournal.v51i4.23 UR - https://jms.mabjournal.com/index.php/mab/article/view/2485 SP - 145-152 AB - <p class="p1">This study was conducted to investigate the effects of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF), α-TOC, and pure TCT isomers (α-. γ- &amp; δ-TCT) on inflammation, endothelial activation, nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and monocyte binding activity (MBA) <em>in vitro</em>. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were incubated with various concentrations of α-TOC, pure TCT isomers and TRF (0.3-10 µM) together with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 16 h. Culture medium and cells were collected and measured for the protein and gene expression of IL-6, TNF-α, NFκB, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, e-selectin, and eNOS. Monocyte binding activity (MBA) was measured by Rose Bengal staining. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that TRF and pure TCT particularly γ- and δ- isomers, showed better inhibition of inflammation and endothelial activation, MBA and greater eNOS increment than α-TOC. These suggest that TRF and pure TCT isomers have potential as preventive anti-atherogenic agents by attenuating the release of early biomarkers of atherogenesis which is better than α-TOC in LPS-stimulated human endothelial cells.<span class="Apple-converted-space">   </span></p> ER -