COMBINING IN VITRO AND IN OVO ASSAYS TO SCREEN FOR ANTI-CANCER AND ANTI-ANGIOGENIC EFFECTS OF THE LEAF EXTRACTS OF Mallotus cumingii Mull.Arg. (EUPHORBIACEAE)

ANGELO JUD DE PAZ CRUZ; JENINA KATRINA GALVEZ RAYMUNDO; SONIA DONALDO JACINTO; JAREL ELGIN  TOLENTINO; LERRIE ANN DE GUIA IPULAN-COLET

doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v51i1.2175

Authors

ANGELO JUD DE PAZ CRUZ Animal Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-6591
JENINA KATRINA GALVEZ RAYMUNDO Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0832-4128
SONIA DONALDO JACINTO Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2926-1293
JAREL ELGIN TOLENTINO Animal Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101; Science Education Institute, Department of Science and Technology, Bicutan, Taguig City Philippines 1631 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0749-116X
LERRIE ANN DE GUIA IPULAN-COLET
ldipulancolet@up.edu.ph
Animal Developmental Biology Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101; Mammalian Cell Culture Laboratory, Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines 1101 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3448-9134

Keywords:

Phytochemical analysis, anti-cancer, anti-angiogenic, Philippines

Abstract

Treatment for cancer is often challenging and various interventions may have detrimental effects. Due to this, the development of less harmful alternatives such as herbal medicine is essential. The present study aims to determine the leaf phytoconstituents present and the bioactivities of Mallotus cumingii Müll.Arg against cancer cells through the utilization of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay and anti-angiogenesis through CAM or chorioallantoic membrane assay. The leaf extracts obtained three fractions namely, methanolic crude (MCME) extracts, hexane extracts (MCHE), and ethyl acetate extracts (MCEA), and were tested on HCT-116 (human colorectal cancer cell line) for in vitro cytotoxicity, and blood vessel density and branching through in ovo CAM assay. Phytochemical analysis showed that the M. cumingii fractions contain phenolic compounds, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and saponins. For in vitro set-up, MCME of M. cumingii were separated into MCHE and MCEA partitions and were tested against HCT-116 and obtained an IC₅₀ value of < 30 μg/mL, which is deemed active in cytotoxicity. For in ovo set-up, two concentrations of each extract were applied to the duck eggs. Blood vessel density and number of branching points were measured through the ImageJ analysis. All extracts exhibited anti-angiogenic activity, either by decreasing blood vessel density or the number of branching points. Overall, the study demonstrates the potential of M. cumingii as a source of therapeutic agents.

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