Medium Optimization for Biobutanol Production From Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) Hydrolysate By Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4

Muhd Arshad Amin; Hafiza Shukor; Noor Fazliani Shoparwe; Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar; Aidil Abdul Hamid; Wichitpan Rongwong

doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v53i1.2869

Authors

Muhd Arshad Amin Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6258-4521
Hafiza Shukor
hafizashukor@unimap.edu.my
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis; Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis,02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
Noor Fazliani Shoparwe Gold, Rare Earth & Material Technopreneurship Centre (GREAT), Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
Muaz Mohd Zaini Makhtar Bioprocess Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Aidil Abdul Hamid Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Wichitpan Rongwong Biomass and oil palm center of excellence, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand; School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand

Keywords:

Biobutanol, Hydrolysate, Medium Optimization, Plackett-Burman Design, Palm Kernel Cake (PKC)

Abstract

The study aims to optimize the medium composition for biobutanol production using a Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) hydrolysate by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4. Various nutrient factors affecting biobutanol production were screened using the Plackett-Burman design. These factors included: NH₄NO₃, KH₂PO₄, K₂HPO₄, MgSO₄.7H₂O, MnSO₄.7H₂O, FeSO₄.7H₂O, yeast extract, cysteine, PABA, biotin, and thiamin. The results were analyzed by an analysis of variance (ANOVA), which showed that cysteine (P=0.008), NH₄NO₃(P=0.011) dan yeast extract (P=0.036) had significant effects on biobutanol production. The established model from the ANOVA analysis had a significant value of P_model>F = 0.0299 with an F-value of 32.82 which explains that the factors can explain in detail the variation in the data about the average and the interpretation is true with an R² value of 0.993. The estimated maximum biobutanol production was 10.56 g/L, whereas the optimized medium produced 15.49 g/L of biobutanol. Process optimizations with optimum concentration of cysteine, NH₄NO_3, and yeast extract have produced 21.33 g/L biobutanol which is a 37.7% improvement from the non-optimized medium. The findings show that PKC hydrolysate with the addition of optimal concentrations of the three types of medium namely, cysteine (0.15 g/L), NH₄NO₃ (0.50 g/L), and yeast extract (1.5 g/L) during ABE fermentation, yielded a maximum biobutanol concentration of 21.33 g/L. Therefore, the results of this study provide good indications for promoting PKC hydrolysate as a new source of novel substrates with great potential in producing high biobutanol through ABE fermentation by C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4.

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