Black Soldier Fly Larvae Growth, Nutritional Composition and Waste Reduction Performance on Food Waste with or Without Addition of Coconut Waste and Fermentation Process with Effective Microorganisms
Keywords:
black soldier fly larvae growth, coconut waste, effective microorganisms, fermentation, food waste, waste reductionAbstract
The black soldier fly’s (Hermetia illucens, Linnaeus 1758) larvae possess excellent potential for turning food waste into profitable products. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) need a diet high in protein to thrive but food waste diets in Malaysia are higher in carbohydrates than protein and contain high moisture, which can prevent the production of dry BSFL residue and highly nutritious larvae. Therefore, this research was conducted to improve food waste (FW) characteristics for BSFL development, waste reduction performance, and its nutritional composition by using the addition of coconut waste (CW) and through the fermentation process with effective microorganisms (EM). Overall, the FW50:CW50:EM10 group displayed the best BSFL growth development, followed by the FW100:EM10 and FW100 groups, and the FW50:CW50s group displayed the worst performance growth (p<0.001). The FW100:EM10 group had the highest waste reduction index (WRI), followed by FW100 and FW50:CW50:EM10, and the FW50:CW50s group had the lowest WRI (p<0.001). BSFL nutritional composition reared on diet group FW50:CW50:EM10 also has recorded the highest crude protein content, followed by FW100:EM10, FW50:CW50, and FW100. Therefore, compared to fresh food waste, a mixture of 50% food waste and 50% coconut waste, fermented with 10% EM (FW50:CW50:EM10) is probably the optimal mixture of rearing substrate for BSFL growth, best nutritional content, and waste reduction effectiveness. However, BSFL residue from this experimental group had a little higher moisture level than mature compost, so it needs to be cured or dried to reduce its moisture content.
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