Survivorship and Field Growth Characteristics of Four Selected Bamboo Species for The Development of Bamboo Industry in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Mugunthan Perumal; Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan; Nizam  Abdullah; Latifah Omar; Johari Zainudin; Mohd Effendi Wasli

doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.icfic08

Authors

Mugunthan Perumal
mugunthan.perumal@upm.edu.my
Institute of Ecosystem Science Borneo, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0546-8887
Nurul Husna Mohd Hassan Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Jengka Campus, 26400 Bandar Tun Abdul Razak, Pahang, Malaysia
Nizam Abdullah Sustainable Resource Management Division, Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation (STIDC), Wisma Sumber Alam, Jalan Stadium, Petra Jaya, 93050 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
Latifah Omar Institute of Ecosystem Science Borneo, Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak Campus, Nyabau Road, 97008 Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia
Johari Zainudin Research, Development, and Innovation Division, Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation (STIDC), Wisma Sumber Alam, Jalan Stadium, Petra Jaya, 93050 Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
Mohd Effendi Wasli Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

Keywords:

Bamboo, bamboo industry, growth attibutes, Sarawak, survival rate

Abstract

The Sarawak State Government has assigned the Sarawak Timber Industry Development Corporation (STIDC) to lead the development of the bamboo industry in Sarawak. Since bamboo research in Sarawak has received meagre attention, baseline information on the early survival rate and field growth characteristics of bamboo are essential for the development of the bamboo industry. A study to evaluate the survivorship and field growth characteristics of a three-year-old bamboo was conducted at the Sarawak Bamboo Pilot Project site in Sabal, Malaysia. Study plots were established at bamboo plantation areas with four different potential bamboo species grown in Sarawak, namely Bambusa vulgaris (Buluh minyak), Gigantochloa levis (Buluh beting), Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Buluh beti), and Dendrocalamus asper (Buluh betong). Survival rate and field growth characteristics in terms of the number of culms per clump, the number of new shoots, culm diameter, culm height, mean annual increments of diameter (MAID), and height (MAIH) were measured and quantified quarterly in the year of 2021. The findings revealed that the highest mean survival rate (88%) was found in G. levis, and the lowest survival rate (70%) was found in G. hasskarliana. However, the lowest mean culm diameter was observed in G. levis at 2.66 cm, and the highest was in B. vulgaris at 4.51 cm. Notwithstanding, B. vulgaris remained with the greatest mean culm height of 12.61 m. Nonetheless, G. hasskarliana depicted the highest number of culms per clump and shoots with 91 culms and 3 shoots, respectively. The MAID and MAIH of B. vulgaris were significantly higher than the other species with 1.69 cm year^-1 and 4.72 m year^-1, respectively. The scientific information and findings from this study would be useful as guidelines for bamboo industry players, managers, nursery practitioners, and policymakers to begin and carry out the development of the bamboo industry, mainly in Sarawak.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abd. Razak, O. & Hashim, M.N. 1992. Vegetative Propagation of Selected Malaysian Bamboos. Paper presented at the National Bamboo Seminar I, FRIM, Kepong, 2-4 November, Kuala Lumpur. 31 pp.

Abd. Razak, O., Hashim, M.N. & Azmy, H.M. 1990. Guide to Bamboo Planting (Malay). FRIM Technical Information No. 19, June 1990. 8 pp.

Amir, S.K., Hamzah, M., Jong, L.K., Noorhayati, I., Nizam, A. & Peter, E. 2020. Early Growth Performance of Four Bamboo Species at Sabal Pilot Bamboo Plantation Simunjan Sarawak. In: Proceedings of the Soil Science Conference 2020, 6-8 October 2020, Holiday Villa Johor Bharu, Malaysia.

Arifin, A., Tanaka, S., Jusop, S., Majid, N.M. & Ibrahim, Z. & Sakurai, K. 2008. Rehabilitation of degraded tropical rainforest in Peninsular Malaysia with a multi-storied plantation technique of indigenous dipterocarp species. Japanese Journal of Forest Environment, 50: 141-152.

Azmy, H.M., Wan Rashidah, W.A.K., Rasmina, H. & Nur Mastura, H.A. 2009. Early performance trial of four Malaysian commercial bamboos in Southern Peninsular Malaysia. Borneo Science, 25: 81-86.

Chu, Z.G. & Chen, F.Q. 1991. Studies on the selection and breeding of shoot producing bamboo. bamboo in Asia and the Pacific. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Bamboo Workshop in Chiangmai, Thailand, pp. 128-132.

Cole, T.G., Yost, R.S., Kablan, R. & Olsen, T. 1996. Growth potential of twelve Acacia species on acid soils in Hawaii. Forest Ecology and Management, 80(1-3): 175-186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(95)03610-5

Fernandez, E.C., Palijon, A.M., Liese, W., Esguerra, F.L. & Murphy, R.J. 2003. Growth performance of two bamboo species in new plantations. Journal of Bamboo and Rattan, 2(3): 225-239. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/156915903322555522

Getachew, G., Wudu, D., Alamire, G., Kasahun, H., Ayalew, A., Redae, T. & Wudu, M. 2021. Adaptability and growth performance of introduced bamboo species in North East Ethiopia. Abyssinia Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1): 264.

International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation (INBAR). 2021. Why bamboo and rattan? URL https://www.inbar.int/why-bamboo-rattan/ (accessed 08.25.21).

Krishnakumar, N., Umesh Kanna, S., Parthiban, K.T. & Preethi Shree, M. 2017. Growth performance of thornless bamboos (Bambusa balcooa Roxb. and Bambusa vulgaris ex J.C. Wendland). International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(4): 32-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.604.005

Li, Z., Chen, C., Mi, R., Gan, W., Dai, J., Jiao, M., Xie, H., Yao, Y., Xiao, S. & Hu, L. 2020. A strong, tough, and scalable structural material from fast-growing bamboo. Advanced Materials, 32(10): 1906308. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201906308

MacNamara, S., Tinh, D.V., Erskine, P.D., Lamb, D., Yates, D. & Brown, S. 2006. Rehabilitating degraded forest land in central Vietnam with mixed native species plantings. Forest Ecology and Management, 233(2-3): 358-365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.033

Meteorological Department. 2021. Weather Data (Rainfall, Surface Air Temperature, and Relative Humidity) 2011-2020. Meteorological Department, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Mohamad Jaffar, A.N.N., Wasli, M.E., Perumal, M., Lat, J. & Sani, H. 2018. Effects of soil compaction and relative light intensity on survival and growth performance of planted Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) in riparian forest along Kayan Ulu River, Sarawak, Malaysia. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2018: 6329295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6329295

Mohd Hassan, N.H., Abdullah, N., Awang Kelana, D.N. & Perumal, M. 2022. Early field growth performance of ten selected bamboo taxa: the case study of Sabal bamboo pilot project in Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(6): 2882-2892. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230614

Ng, F.S.P. & Md. Noor, S. 1980. Country Report: Malaysia. In Gilles Lessard & Amy Chouinard (Eds.), In: Proceeding of Bamboo Research in Asia. Singapore, pp. 91-96.

Norisada, M., Hitsuma, G., Kuroda, K., Yamanoshita, T., Masumori, M., Tange, T., Yagi, H., Nuyim, T., Sasaki, S. & Kojima, K. 2005. Acacia mangium, a nurse tree candidate for reforestation on degraded sandy soils in the Malay Peninsula. Forest Science, 51(5): 498-510.

Perumal, M., Wasli, M.E. & Ho, S.Y. 2021. Outplanting performance of the Bornean tropical indigenous species Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) P.S. Ashton in relation to seedling age. International Journal of Forestry Research, 2021: 8859205. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8859205

Shanmughavel, P., Francis. K. & George, M. 1997. Plantation Bamboo. International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun (INDIA), 191 pp.

Sharma, O.P. 1991. Integrated Propagation of Dendrocalamus munro by Using Partially Juvenile Culms. Bamboo in Asia and the Pacific. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Bamboo Workshop in Chiangmai, Thailand, pp.169-173.

Singh, K.A. & Rai, A.K. 2012. Studies on biomass production, partitioning and allometry of different bamboo (Bamboo spp.) plant species grown in bamboosetum in Arunachal Pardesh. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 57(3): 284-290.

Tilki, F. & Fisher, R.F. 1998. Tropical leguminous species for acid soils: studies on plant form and growth in Costa Rica. Forest Ecology and Management, 108(3): 175-192. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00225-4

Wang, X. 2006. Comparative Analysis and Policy Recommendations on Developing Bamboo Resource Tenure Systems in Asia and Africa. Joint Project in Cooperation with INBAR and WFI.

Were, F.H., Wafula, G.A. & Wairungu, S. 2017. Phytoremediation using bamboo to reduce the risk of chromium exposure from a contaminated tannery site in Kenya. Journal of Health and Pollution, 7(16): 12-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.16.12