Molecular Characterization of Indigenous Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria from Rice Rhizosphere in Lima Puluh Kota Regency
Keywords:
16S rRNA gene, Aleksandrov medium, dissolution index, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, rice rhizosphereAbstract
Potassium (K) is one of the macronutrients essential for plant growth; however, most soil K exists in insoluble mineral forms that are not readily available for plant uptake. The use of potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) offers a sustainable approach to enhance K bioavailability in agricultural systems. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify KSB from the rhizosphere of seven local rice varieties cultivated in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Total culturable heterotrophic bacterial populations were enumerated using nutrient agar, and one morphologically distinct colony from each sample was purified for further analysis. K-solubilizing activity was evaluated on Aleksandrov agar by measuring the dissolution index (DI) and in liquid Aleksandrov medium supplemented with K-feldspar powder. All seven isolates formed clear halo zones on solid medium. The highest DI value was observed in isolate KSP (2.2), followed by KKP and KJG, while KRK exhibited the lowest DI. In liquid medium, soluble K release ranged from 0.95 to 1.95 mg L⁻¹, with KSP demonstrating the highest solubilization capacity. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among isolates (p<0.05). Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the isolates belonged to Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus, Bacillus velezensis, Acinetobacter johnsonii, Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans, Klebsiella aerogenes, Paenarthrobacter nicotinovorans, and Enterobacter cloacae. These findings demonstrate the diversity and functional potential of indigenous KSB associated with rice rhizosphere soils and support their prospective application as biofertilizer candidates for sustainable rice production.
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