FATTY ACIDS AND TERPENOIDS FROM Canarium odontophyllum MIQ. LEAF AND THEIR ANTIOXIDANT AND CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS ON UVB-INDUCED IMMORTALIZED HUMAN KERATINOCYTES CELLS (HACAT)

MUHAMMAD WAHIZUL HASWAN  ABDUL AZIZ; DAYANG FREDALINA  BASRI; SITI FATHIAH  MASRE; AHMAD ROHI  GHAZALI

doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v51i3.2377

Authors

MUHAMMAD WAHIZUL HASWAN ABDUL AZIZ Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Department of Para-clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8943-3934
DAYANG FREDALINA BASRI Centre for Diagnostic, Therapeutic & Investigative Studies (CODTIS), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
SITI FATHIAH MASRE Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4202-2289
AHMAD ROHI GHAZALI
rohi@ukm.edu.my
Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-2178

Keywords:

Terpenoids, fatty acids, Canarium odontohyllum, human keratinocytes, antioxidant

Abstract

The study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of hexane extract of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. leaf; its fatty acids and terpenoids content; and cytotoxic effects on UVB-induced human keratinocytes (HaCaT). FRAP assay was used to determine antioxidant capacity. GC-MS analysis to identify the fatty acids and terpenoids’ in the hexane extract of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. leaf. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was carried out to measure the cytotoxic effects of the extract on UVB-induced human keratinocytes. Serial doses of up to 1000 µg/mL extract were administered before UVB irradiation of the cells. FRAP assay showed the extract was found to exhibit antioxidant activity but no significant difference in ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (AEAC) between dose 500 µg/mL (5.00 ± 0.35 AEAC) and 1000 µg/mL (5.70 ± 0.29 AEAC) extract. GC-MS analysis showed the extract contained 88.93% of fatty acids and terpenoids, especially n-hexadecanoic acid, spathulenol, and phytol. MTT assay showed no IC₅₀ value for the tested extract dose on UVB-induced HaCaT. Thus, the results suggest the potential application of hexane extract of C. odontophyllum Miq. leaf in terpenoids’ studies. In-depth research and isolation of compounds of interest should be done to develop it as a viable medical phytotherapeutic agent.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biography

SITI FATHIAH MASRE, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Lecturer, Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences.

References

Abdul Aziz, M.W.H, Masre, S.F., Basri, D.F. & Ghazali, A.R. 2022. Canarium odontophyllum Miq. (Dabai) leaf phytoextracts and their medicinal properties. Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 30(3): 2115-2125. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.3.20

Aparna, V., Dileep, K.V., Mandal, P.K., Karthe, P., Sadasivan, C. & Haridas, M. 2012. Anti-inflammatory property of n-hexadecanoic acid: Structural evidence and kinetic assessment. Chemical Biology & Drug Design, 80: 434-439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0285.2012.01418.x

Basri, D.F. & Nor, N.H.M. 2014. Phytoconstituent screening and antibacterial activity of the leaf extracts from Canarium odontophyllum Miq. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 5(Sept.): 2878-2888. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2014.519303

Basri, D.F., Heng, K.Y. & Ghazali, A.R. 2014. Screening of antioxidant phytoextracts of Canarium odontophyllum Miq. leaves in vitro. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 4(12): 1-6.

Basri, D.F., Ishak, S.A., Azmi, F.F., Zahari, A.S. & Latif, E.S. 2017. Antimalarial activity of Canarium odontophyllum leaf extracts against erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei NK65. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 72: 45.

Basri, D.F., Shabry, A.S.M. & Meng, C.K. 2015. Leaves extract from Canarium odontophyllum Miq. (Dabai) exhibits cytotoxic activity against human colorectal cancer cell HCT 116. Natural Products Chemistry & Research, 3: 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-6836.1000166

Benzie, I.F.F. & Strain, J.J. 1996. The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of ‘antioxidant power’: the frap assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239: 70–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1996.0292

Budin, S.B., Kumar, S., Warif, N.M.A., Saari, S.M. & Basri, D.F. 2018. Protective effect of aqueous extracts from Canarium odontophyllum Miq. leaf on liver in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Life Sciences, Medicine and Biomedicine, 2(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.28916/lsmb.2.1.2018.5

do Nascimento, K.F., Moreira, F., Alencar Santos, J., Kassuya, C., Croda, J., Cardoso, C., Vieira, M., Góis Ruiz, A., Ann Foglio, M., de Carvalho, J.E. & Formagio, A. 2018. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antimycobacterial activities of the essential oil of Psidium guineense Sw. and spathulenol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 210: 351–358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.030

D’Orazio, J.A., Jarrett, S.G., Amaro-Ortiz, A. & Scott, T.L. 2013. UV radiation and the skin. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 14(6): 12222. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140612222

Ghazali, A.R., Khairuddin, F.M., Nagapan, T.S. & Basri, D.F. 2017. The mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of Canarium odontophyllum (dabai) acetone leaves extracts. Journal of Agricultural Science, 9: 62-72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n13p62

Harada, H., Yamashita, U., Kurihara, H., Fukushi, E., Kawabata, J. & Kamei, Y. 2002. Antitumor activity of palmitic acid found as a selective cytotoxic substance in a marine red alga. Anticancer Research, 22(5): 2587–2590.

Islam, M.T., Ali, E.S., Uddin, S.J., Shaw, S., Islam, M.A., Ahmed, M.I., Chandra Shill, M., Karmakar, U.K., Yarla, N.S., Khan, I.N., Billah, M.M., Pieczynska, M.D., Zengin, G., Malainer, C., Nicoletti, F., Gulei, D., Berindan-Neagoe, I., Apostolov, A., Banach, M., Yeung, A.W.K, El-Demerdash, A., Xiao, J., Dey, P., Yele, S., Jóźwik, A., Strzałkowska, N., Marchewka, J., Rengasamy, K.R.R., Horbańczuk, J., Kamal, M.A., Mubarak, M.S., Mishra, S.K., Shilpi, J.A. & Atanasov, A.G.. 2018. Phytol: A review of biomedical activities. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 121: 82–94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.032

Koleva, I.I., Van Beek, T.A., Linssen, J.P., Groot, A.D. & Evstatieva, L.N. 2002. Screening of plant extracts for antioxidant activity: a comparative study on three testing methods. Phytochemical Analysis, 13(1): 8-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.611

Laikova, K.V., Oberemok, V.V., Krasnodubets, A.M., Gal’chinsky, N.V., Useinov, R.Z., Novikov, I.A., Temirova, Z.Z., Gorlov, M.V., Shved, N.A., Kumeiko, V.V., Makalish, T.P., Bessalova, E.Y., Fomochkina, I.I., Esin, A.S., Volkov, M.E. & Kubyshkin, A.V. 2019. Advances in the understanding of skin cancer: Ultraviolet radiation, mutations, and antisense oligonucleotides as anticancer drugs. Molecules, 24: 1516. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24081516

Latiff, A., Faridah, H.I. & Zakri, A.H. 2000. The importance of biodiversity conservation research and collaboration in the ASEAN: A view from Asean scientists, Proceedings of the First Scientific Planning Conference & Report of the Second Scientific Experts Meeting (SEC) Meeting of ARCBC, Kuala Lumpur, p. 24.

Marina, D.C., Carmela, I. & Emmanuel, M. 2013. Determination of terpenoids in plant leaves by GC-MS: Development of the method and application to Ocimum basilicum and Nicotiana langsdorffii. Analytical Letters, 46(4): 630-639. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2012.729239

Mogana, R. & Wiart, C. 2011. Canarium L.: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Journal of Pharmacy Research, 4(8): 2482-2489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4061/2011/768673

Mosmann, T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. Journal of Immunological Methods, 65(1-2): 55-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(83)90303-4

Nengroo, Z.R. & Rauf, A. 2019. Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activities of five medicinal plants from Kashmir. Industrial Crops and Products, 140: 111596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111596

Nimse, S.B. & Pal, D. 2015. Free radicals, natural antioxidants, and their reaction mechanisms. Royal Society of Chemistry Advances, 5(35): 27986-28006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA13315C

Pokorný, J. 2007. Are natural antioxidants better – and safer – than synthetic antioxidants?. European Journal of Lipid Science & Technology, 109: 629-642. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ejlt.200700064

Stein, S.E. 1999. An integrated method for spectrum extraction and compound identiﬁcation from gas chromatography/mass spectrometry data. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, 10: 770–781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00047-1

Yang, W., Chen, X., Li, Y., Guo, S., Wang, Z. & Yu, X. 2020. Advances in pharmacological activities of terpenoids. Natural Product Communications, 15(3): 1-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X20903555