Reproductive Development and Yield Components of Bario Sederhana Rice in Response to Photoperiod

Putri Ainaa Afiqah Hossen; Hollena Nori

doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v52i6.2690

Authors

Putri Ainaa Afiqah Hossen Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia
Hollena Nori
nhollena@unimas.my
Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia

Keywords:

Daylength, Growing degree days, Phenology, Plant growth chamber, Sarawak traditional rice

Abstract

A series of controlled environment treatments were conducted to quantify reproductive development and yield components of Bario Sederhana rice grown under five photoperiod regimes (8, 9, 10, 11, & 12 h). A ‘broken-stick’ linear regression of heading rate against photoperiod was used to determine the cardinal photoperiods for heading. The reproductive development towards photoperiod showed a delayed pattern in time to heading, anthesis, and maturity under lengthening photoperiod from 10 to 12 h. For example, under 10 h photoperiod the crops required 1680 °Cd (70.8 days) from emergence to heading but took an extended duration of 3147 °Cd (132.6 days) when they were sown at 12 h photoperiod. The prolonged time taken for reproductive development modified by photoperiod resulted in higher yield components. This is because the lengthening time from heading to maturity extended the duration of grain filling. The longest photoperiod of 12 h gave the highest percentage of filled spikelets (65.3%) thus consequently leading to the heaviest grain weight of 1.4 g per panicle. The base, optimum, and maximum photoperiod for heading were estimated to be 7.4 h, 10 h, and 14.8 h, respectively.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Best, R. 1961. Some Aspects of Photoperiodism in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Ph.D). Wageningen University.

Boling, A., Bouman, B., Tuong, T., Konboon, Y. & Harnpichitvitaya, D. 2011. Yield gap analysis and the effect of nitrogen and water on photoperiod-sensitive Jasmine rice in north-east Thailand. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 58(1-2): 11-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2010.05.001

Carberry, P., Muchow, R. & McCown, R. 1989. Testing the CERES-Maize simulation model in a semi-arid tropical environment. Field Crops Research, 20(4): 297-315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(89)90072-5

Cha-um, S. & Kirdmanee, C. 2007. An alternative protocol for flowering induction of Thai Indica rice (Oryza sativa L. sp. indica) using a short-day photoperiod treatment. Journal of Agronomy, 6(1): 68-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2007.68.74

Dore, J. 1959. Response of rice to small differences in length of day. Nature, 183(4658): 413. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/183413a0

Horie, T. 1994. Crop ontogeny and development. In: Physiology and Determination of Crop Yield. K.J. Boote, J.M. Bennett, T.R. Sinclair and O.M. Paulsen (Eds.). American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, USA. pp. 153-180.

Jackson, S.D. 2009. Plant responses to photoperiod. New Phytologist, 181(3): 517-531. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02681.x

Khotasena, S., Sanitchon, J., Chankaew, S. & Monkham, T. 2022. The basic vegetative phase and photoperiod sensitivity index as the major criteria for indigenous upland rice production in Thailand under unpredictable conditions. Agronomy, 12(4): 957. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040957

Makara, O., Fukai, S., Cooper, M. & Nesbitt, H. J. 2001. Influence of seedling time and seedling age at time of transplanting on the productivity of rainfed lowland rice with different levels of photoperiod sensitivity. In: Proceedings of an International Workshop. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Vientiane, Laos, pp. 259-270.

Mapalana, K. 2017. Responses of Sri Lankan traditional rice to photoperiod at early vegetative stage. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 49(1): 63-66.

Morni, N. 2014. Growth Performance of Traditional Rice in Response to Fertilizer Application (Bachelor’s degree). Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Naeg, D. 2012. Bario rice - a rare grain [WWW Document]. URL https://www.theborneopost.com/2012/01/29/bario-rice-a-rare-grain/ (accessed 03.09.22)

Nandini, B., Gangappa, E., Mahesha, B., Rajanna, M. & Mahadevu, P. (2020). Assessment of flowering response in traditional rice varieties of Karnataka to photoperiod. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9(2): 1224-1229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.902.145

Nemoto, K., Morita, S. & Baba, T. 1995. Shoot and root development in rice related to the phyllochron. Crop Science, 35(1): 24-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1995.0011183X003500010005x

Nicholas, D., Hazila, K., Chua, H. & Rosniyana, A. 2014. Nutritional value and glycemic index of Bario rice varieties. Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Science, 42(1): 1-8.

Nori, H., Moot, D., Monks, D., Black, A. & Lucas, R. 2014. Reproductive development of four top flowering annual clovers. Crop and Pasture Science, 65(4): 388-399. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/CP13329

Padukkage, D., Senanayake, G. & Geekiyanage, S. 2017. Photoperiod sensitivity of very early maturing Sri Lankan rice for flowering time and plant architecture. Open Agriculture, 2(1): 580-588. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/opag-2017-0061

Rathnathunga, E.U.U., Senanayake, G., Seneweera, S. & Geekiyanage, S. 2019. Varietal diversity of Sri Lankan traditional rice based on sensitivity to temperature and photoperiod at vegetative stage. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 47(1): 51-68. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v47i1.8928

Ray, A., Deb, D., Ray, R. & Chattopadhayay, B. 2013. Phenotypic characters of rice landraces reveal independent lineages of short-grain aromatic indica rice. AoB PLANTS, 5: plt032. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plt032

Sonego, M. 2000. Effect of Temperature and Daylength on the Phenological Development of Oats (Avena sativa L.) (Ph.D). Lincoln University.

Sujariya, S., Jongdee, B. & Fukai, S. 2023. Estimation of flowering time and its effect on grain yield of photoperiod sensitive varieties in rainfed lowland rice in Northeast Thailand. Field Crops Research, 302: 109075. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109075

Tsubo, M., Fukai, S., Basnayake, J. & Ouk, M. 2009. Frequency of occurrence of various drought types and its impact on performance of photoperiod-sensitive and insensitive rice genotypes in rainfed lowland conditions in Cambodia. Field Crops Research, 113(3): 287-296. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2009.06.006

Uch, C., Roeurn, S., Ro, S., Kano-Nakata, M., Yamauchi, A. & Ehara, H. 2023. Growth performance of photoperiod-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in different soil types under rainfed condition in Cambodia. Agriculture, 13(8): 1602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081602

Vergara, B. S. & Chang, T.T. 1985. The flowering response of the rice plant to photoperiod: a review of the literature. The International Rice Research Institute. 61 pp.

Viraktamath, B. C. 2013. Key research inputs and technologies in rice production in pre and post green revolution era. Innovation in Rice Production: National Institute of Advance Studies. Bangalore, India. 1-17 pp.

Wong, S., Yiu, P., Bong, S., Lee, H., Neoh, P. & Rajan, A. 2009. Analysis of Sarawak Bario rice diversity using microsatellite markers. American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 4(4): 298-304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3844/ajabssp.2009.298.304

Yoshida, S. 1981. Fundamentals of rice crop science, International Rice Research Institute. 269 pp.