Insects Compositions at Different Growing Phases of The Sarawak Indigenous Eggplant, Terung Asam (Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal.) with The First Report of A Ladybug Species, Henosepilachna kaszabi (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) As Major Foliage Pest

Muhamad Azmi Mohammed; Ameyra Aman-Zuki; Marthiuz Ghany Buang; Abang Abdul Rahim Ossen; Nurul Imani Che-Pa; Salmah Yaakop

doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v52i5.cp2

Authors

Muhamad Azmi Mohammed
mm_azmi@upm.edu.my
Universiti Putra Malaysia Kampus Bintulu
Ameyra Aman-Zuki
Marthiuz Ghany Buang
Abang Abdul Rahim Ossen
Nurul Imani Che-Pa
Salmah Yaakop

Keywords:

Beneficial insects, insect pests, Integrated Pest Management, Sarawak, Solanum lasiocarpum, visiting insect

Abstract

Solanum lasiocarpum (Solanaceae), commonly known as Terung Asam, is an indigenous crop in Sarawak, Borneo. The S. lasiocarpum is a renowned crop and is significant to the local and smallholder farmers for their household income. Study of insects associated with this crop is currently limited and lacking, despite their importance for Sarawak’s agronomy. Hence, this study aimed to determine the associated insect species with S. lasiocarpum throughout the plant growth, namely, vegetative, flowering, and fruiting phases. Henosepilachna kaszabi (Coccinellidae) and mealybug Pseudococcidae were recorded as primary pests, while Anoplolepis gracilipes (Formicidae) and Polyrhachis sp. (Formicidae) as indirect pests for flowering and fruiting phases. Larvae and adults of H. kaszabi were sighted infesting leaves, stems, and roots, while Pseudococcidae congregated and infested the stems of S. lasiocarpum. Other visiting insects for S. lasiocarpum were also listed in this study. This study provides preliminary information regarding the insect pests of S. lasiocarpum for future effective pest management on this crop.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Bodlah, I. & Waqar, M. 2013. Pollinators visiting summer vegetables ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) and brinjal (Solanum melongena). Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 1(1): 8-12.

Calvo-Agudo, M., González-Cabrera, J., Picó, Y., Calatayud-Vernich, P., Urbaneja, A., Dicke, M. & Tena, A. 2019. Neonicotinoids in excretion product of phloem-feeding insects kill beneficial insects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(34): 16817-16822. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904298116

Cooper, M.L., Daugherty, M.P., Jeske, D.R., Almeida, R.P. & Daane, K.M. 2018. Incidence of grapevine leafroll disease: Effects of grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus) abundance and pathogen supply. Journal of Economic Entomology, 111(4): 1542-1550. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toy124

Culik, M.P. & Gullan, P.J. 2005. A new pest of tomato and other records of mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) from Espirito Santo, Brazil. Zootaxa, 964(1): 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.964.1.1

Dahlem, G.A. 2009. House Fly: (Musca domestica). In: Encyclopedia of Insects. V.H. Resh & R.T. Cardé (Eds.). Academic Press, Massachusetts. pp 469-470. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374144-8.00134-X

Dar, S.A., Wani, A.R., Raja, T.A. & Mir, S.H. 2015. Insect Biodiversity of Brinjal Crop in Kashmir. The Indian Ecological Society, 42(2): 295-299.

Das, A., Sau, S., Pandit, M.K. & Saha, K. 2018. A review on: Importance of pollinators in fruit and vegetable production and their collateral jeopardy from agro-chemicals. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 6: 1586-1591.

Fauziah, A. & Faizah, A. 2009. The behavior and feeding preference of the 12-spotted beetle Epilachna indica MULSTANT (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: subfamily Epilachninae) towards the black nightshade Solanum nigrum (Family: Solanacea). Journal of Entomology, 6(4): 167-178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/je.2009.167.178

Halim, M., Aman-Zuki, A., Mohammed, M.A. & Yaakop, S. 2017. DNA barcoding and relationships of eight ladybugs species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) that infesting several crops from Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 20(3): 814-820. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2017.05.009

Hayes, S.E., Tuiwawa, M., Stevens, M.I. & Schwarz, M.P. 2019. A recipe for weed disaster in islands: a super-generalist native pollinator aided by a 'Parlourmaid' plant welcome new arrivals in Fiji. Biological Invasions, 21(5): 1643-1655. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-019-01923-z

Huang, J., Zhang, P.J., Zhang, J. & Tang, Y.Y. 2017. An ant-coccid mutualism affects the behavior of the parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei, but not that of the ghost ant Tetramorium bicarinatum. Scientific reports, 7(1): 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05442-6

Inoka, W.A., Karunaratne, P. & Edirisinghe, J.P. 2006. Bee diversity in a semi-agricultural field-Sri Lanka. Biodiversity, 6(4): 17-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2005.9712781

Jahn, G.C., Beardsley, J.W. & González-Hernández, H. 2003. A review of the association of ants with mealybug wilt disease of pineapple. Proceedings of The Hawaiian Entomological Society, 36: 9-28.

Kaur, G. & Sangha, G.K.K. 2016. Diversity of arthropod fauna associated with chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) in Punjab. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 4(5): 390-396.

Laquinta, J.F., Galicia, G.L. & Javier, P.A. 2015. Reproductive development and biological control potential of Trathala flavoorbitalis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on eggplant fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The Philippine Entomologist, 29(2): 226-227.

Latif, M.A., Rahman, M.M., Islam, M.R. & Nuruddin, M.M. 2009. Survey of arthropod biodiversity in the brinjal field. Journal of Entomology, 6(1): 28-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/je.2009.28.34

Latifian, M., Habibpour, B. & Kard, B. 2018. Predator ants of the date palm termite Microcerotermes diversus Silvestri and effects of ant morphometric characteristics on ant functional response. American Journal of Entomology, 2(2): 16-22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20180202.13

Lim, T.K. 2013. Solanum lasiocarpum. In: Edible Medicinal and Non-medicinal Plants. T.K. Lim (Ed.). Springer, Netherlands. pp. 333-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5628-1_39

Lucia, M., Aquino, D.A., Hansson, C. & Abrahamovich, A.H. 2010. The first record of conopid flies (Diptera: Conopidae) and eulophid wasps (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as parasitoids and hyperparasitoids associated with carpenter bees (Apidae: Xylocopinae) in Argentina. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(2): 208-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.49.2.11

McDougall, S., Watson, A., Stodart, B., Kelly, G., Troldahl, D. & Tesoriero, L. 2013. Tomato, capsicum, chilli and eggplant: a field guide for the identification of insect pests, beneficials, diseases and disorders in Australia and Cambodia. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Canberra.

Melo, G.A., Faria Jr, L.R., Marchi, P. & de Carvalho, C.J. 2008. Small orchid bees are not safe: parasitism of two species of Euglossa (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) by conopid flies (Diptera: Conopidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25(3): 573-575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752008000300028

Moore, A., Watson, G.W. & Bamba, M.J. 2014. First record of eggplant mealybug, Coccidohystrix insolita (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on Guam: potentially a major pest. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2: e1042. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.2.e1042

Moure-Oliveira, D., Hirotsu, C.M., Serrano, J.C. & Garófalo, C.A. 2019. Host-parasitoid interactions between the solitary bee Centris analis (Apidae: Centridini) and conopid flies (Diptera: Conopidae). The Science of Nature, 106: 39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-019-1634-9

Nabil, H.A. 2017. Ecological studies on cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha:‎ Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae) on eggplant at‎ Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(7): 195-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/eajb.2017.12106

Nadine, O.A.E., Wirmai, L.A., Awah, T.M. & Nkuo-Akenji, T. 2020. Insect activities and their impact on the yield of Abelmoschus esculentus L (Malvaceae) in Bambili (Mezam-Cameroon). International Journal of Sustainable Agricultural Research, 7(4): 304-315. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.70.2020.74.304.315

Nayak, R.K., Rana, K., Bairwa, V.K., Singh, P. & Bharthi, V.D. 2020. A review on the role of bumblebee pollination in fruits and vegetables. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(3): 1328-1334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2020.v9.i3v.11494

Rahman, Z.A., Zaidan, M.W.A.M., Othman, A.N., Ahmad, M.A., Simoh, S. & Ismail, M.A.H. 2019. Optimizing extraction of phenolics and flavonoids from Solanum ferox fruit. Natural Science, 11(4): 99-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2019.114011

Rana, N., Amin, T., Iqbal, M.Z., Nargis, S., Afzal, S. & Fatima, S. 2017. Distribution pattern of foliage insects among the summer vegetables viz. okra, brinjal and tomato. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(6): 490-497.

Rasdi, M., Z., Che Salmah, M.R., Abu Hassan, A., Hamady, D., Hamaseh, A. & Fauziah, I. 2012. Field evaluation of some insecticides on whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and predator (Macrolophus caliginosus) on brinjal and tomato plants. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 2(3): 302-311.

Razili, R.M., Umar, S. & Sallehuddin, R. 2013. Quality product from Terung Asam (Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal): A popular indigenous fruit-vegetable of Sarawak, Malaysia. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 1088: 569-572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1088.104

Reddy, P., Chauhan, A., & Singh, H. K. 2021. Impact of Bee Pollination in Brinjal. Indian Journal of Entomology, 687-689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55446/IJE.2021.15

Runyon, J.B. 2020. The Dolichopodidae (Diptera) of Montserrat, West Indies. ZooKeys, 966: 57-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.966.55192

Sajjad, A., Saeed, S. & Ashfaq, M. 2010. Seasonal variation in abundance and composition of hoverfly (Diptera: Syrphidae) communities in Multan, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 42(2): 105-115.

Shariah, U., Rajmah, M.R., Wong, M.H. & Nur, N.H. 2013. Terung Asam Sarawak Technology Package. Department of Agriculture Sarawak, Malaysia. 38 pp.

Sinu, P.A., Sibisha, V.C., Reshmi, M.N., Reshmi, K.S., Jasna, T.V., Aswathi, K. & Megha, P.P. 2017. Invasive ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) disrupts pollination in pumpkin. Biological Invasions, 19(9): 2599-2607. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1470-9

Smith-Pardo, A.H., Carpenter, J.M. & Kimsey, L. 2020. The diversity of hornets in the genus Vespa (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Vespinae), their importance and interceptions in the United States. Insect Systematics and Diversity, 4(3): 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixaa006

Srinivas, G., Jayappa, A.H. & Patel, A.I. 2016. Diversity of Flower Visitors in Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). Advances in Life Sciences, 5(3): 834-837.

Tangmitcharoen, S., Takaso, T., Siripatanadilox, S., Tasen, W. & Owens, J.N. 2006. Behavior of major insect pollinators of teak (Tectona grandis L. f.): A comparison of clonal seed orchard versus wild trees. Forest Ecology and Management, 222(1-3): 67-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.10.041

Tanwar, R.K., Jeyakumar, P. & Monga, D. 2007. Mealybugs and their management, Technical Bulletin 19, National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi.

Thyssen, P. J. 2009. Keys for identification of immature insects. In: Current Concepts in Forensic Entomology. J. Amendt, M.L. Goff, C.P. Campobasso & M. Grassberger (Eds.). Springer, Netherlands. pp. 25-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9684-6_2

Triplehorn, C.A. & Johnson, N.F. 2005. Borror and DeLong's Introduction to the Study of Insects'. Thompson Brooks, USA. 888 pp.

Umar, S. 2013. Terung Asam Sarawak, a geographical indications (GI)-Registered Product of Sarawak. Department of Agriculture Sarawak, Malaysia. 4 pp.

Voon, B. H. & Kueh, H. S. 1999. The nutritional value of indigenous fruits and vegetables in Sarawak. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 8: 24-31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6047.1999.00046.x

Zaini, M.R., Rawi, C.S.M. & Hassan, A. 2013. Effect of nutrient and pre-infested brinjal, Solanum melongena by whitefly and aphid on population dynamics of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Agricultre, Forestry and Fishery, 2: 11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130201.11

Zaldívar-Riverón, A., Shaw, M.R., Sáez, A.G., Mori, M., Belokoblylskij, S.A., Shaw, S.R. & Quicke, D.L. 2008. Evolution of the parasitic wasp subfamily Rogadinae (Braconidae): phylogeny and evolution of lepidopteran host ranges and mummy characteristics. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 8(1): 329. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-8-329

Zhou, A.M., Wu, D., Liang, G.W., Lu, Y.Y. & Xu, Y.J. 2015. Effects of tending by Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the sugar composition and concentration in the honeydew of an invasive mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Ethology, 121(5): 492-500. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/eth.12363