THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIBIOFILM POTENTIAL OF SWEET BASIL ESSENTIAL OIL ON Streptococcus mutans AND Staphylococcus aureus

NURHAYATI MOHAMAD ZAIN; NABILAH MOHD AMIN; FATIN ATHIRAHUSNA NORDIN; JUNAIDAH MAHMUD; INDAH MOHD AMIN

doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v51i4.30

Authors

NURHAYATI MOHAMAD ZAIN
nurhayati8370@uitm.edu.my
Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
NABILAH MOHD AMIN Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
FATIN ATHIRAHUSNA NORDIN Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
JUNAIDAH MAHMUD Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
INDAH MOHD AMIN Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, University Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.

Keywords:

Antibiofilm activity, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Sweet basil essential oil

Abstract

The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of sweet basil essential oil (SBEO) against oral microorganisms, Streptococcus
mutans (S. mutans) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were determined in this study. The antimicrobial activities were
evaluated using the disk diffusion method (DDM), where Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal
Concentration (MBC) were tested against both bacteria. Different formulations of SBEO (microemulsion, emulsion, water)
were tested for biofilm dispersion assay on 24 h of preformed biofilm. Commercial chlorhexidine (CHX) 0.12% w/v was
used as a positive control. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the changes on the treated surface.
The data were analyzed using SPSS Version 27.0. A Kruskal-Wallis test followed by a Post-hoc Mann-Whitney U test was
applied, and the level of significance was set at p<0.05. All formulations of SBEO showed antimicrobial activities against the
tested microorganisms. Exposure to 2.5% (v/v) microemulsion for two min exhibited 42.56% and 32.10% (p<0.001) of biofilm
dispersion for S. mutans and S. aureus, respectively. The SEM micrographs revealed the number of microorganisms on the
treated group surface reduced compared to the negative controls. SBEO exerts an antimicrobial and antibiofilm effect on S.
mutans and S. aureus. This finding suggests that the SBEO microemulsion has the potential to control planktonic S. mutans and
S. aureus and their biofilm formation in the oral environment

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