Cytotoxic Effect of Bajong LN Rice Methanol Extract on Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma, ORL-48

Vivi Noryati  Ahmad; Nur Aliana Hidayah  Mohamed; Zulkhairi Amom; Goot Heah Khor; Nurhayati  Mohamad Zain; Indah Amin

doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v53i3.2949

Authors

Vivi Noryati Ahmad Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Nur Aliana Hidayah Mohamed Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Zulkhairi Amom Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Goot Heah Khor Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Nurhayati Mohamad Zain Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Indah Amin
indahma@uitm.edu.my
Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Keywords:

Bajong LN rice, cisplatin, cytotoxicity, MTS assay, ORL-48 cells

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a major oral cancer, significantly challenges treatments and impacts patient quality of life; current therapies often cause severe side effects, highlighting the urgent need for gentler alternatives. Rice stands as one of the primary cereal grains providing the daily caloric intake for more than half of the global population. Extensive research has demonstrated the significant health benefits derived from rice, attributed to its abundance of bioactive compounds. This study endeavours to explore the potential cytotoxic effects of Bajong LN rice, a pigmented purple rice indigenous to Sarawak, on human squamous cell carcinoma, ORL-48 cells. Cells were cultured in complete DMEM/F-12 media and incubated under standard culture conditions. Upon reaching 80% confluency, the cells were treated to varied concentrations (ranging from 0 μg/ml to 2000 μg/ml) of Bajong LN rice methanol extract (BLN-ME) and cisplatin. Subsequently, the cells were incubated for 48 and 72 hours, and their cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTS assay. Results demonstrated that cisplatin inhibited ORL-48 cells with an IC₅₀ of 7.483 μg/ml and 3.877 μg/ml; and an IC₈₀ of 40.649 μg/ml; and 17.543 μg/ml for 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Correspondingly, BLN-ME exhibited a notable cytotoxic effect against ORL-48 cells at 48- and 72-hour intervals, with an IC₅₀ of 354.4 μg/ml and 342.0 μg/ml; and an IC₈₀ of 450.3 μg/ml and 423.63 μg/ml, respectively. The cytotoxic activity of BLN-ME against ORL-48 cells was observed in both a time and dose-dependent manner. Morphological analysis and the Trypan blue exclusion assay corroborated the MTS assay's findings. Our preliminary findings provide the first scientific evidence of the cytotoxic effect of BLN-ME specifically against human squamous cell carcinoma, ORL-48 cells. This study suggests the potential of BLN-ME as a promising anti-cancer agent, presenting opportunities for further investigation into its underlying cytotoxic mechanisms.

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Author Biography

Nurhayati Mohamad Zain, Centre of Preclinical Science Studies, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Centre of Preclinical Sciences

Faculty of Dentistry, Sg Buloh Campus,

UiTM, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

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