Identification and characterization of Botrytis cinerea causing gray mold on tomato in Malaysia

Siti Fairuz Yusoff; Siti Izera Ismail; Farah Farhanah Haron; Zahir Shah Shafari; Rohasmizah Hashim; Paiman

doi:10.55230/mabjournal.v53i3.2880

Authors

Siti Fairuz Yusoff
siti_fairuz@ftv.upsi.edu.my
Agricultural Science Department, Faculty of Technical and Vocational, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia
Siti Izera Ismail Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Farah Farhanah Haron Biological Control Programme, Agrobiodiversity and Environment Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Zahir Shah Shafari Institute of Horticultural Production Systems, Vegetable Systems Modelling Section, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419 Hannover, Germany
Rohasmizah Hashim Food Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Kuala Pilah Campus, Pekan Parit Tinggi, 72000, Kuala Pilah, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Paiman Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas PGRI Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55182, Indonesia

Keywords:

Botrytis cinerea, gray mold, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, pathogenicity, tomato

Abstract

Botrytis cinerea, commonly known as gray mold, is a pervasive fungal pathogen that affects a wide range of plant species, leading to significant agricultural losses. The identification of Botrytis cinerea in Malaysia is crucial for protecting the agricultural sector, minimizing economic losses, ensuring food security, maintaining export quality, addressing environmental concerns, and advancing scientific research. In the present research, tomato fruits collected from Cameron Highlands, Pahang, Malaysia showed gray mold disease symptoms of B. cinerea. The fungal isolates were examined morphologically for colony colour, growth rate, conidiophores, conidia shape, and sclerotia on PDA and V8 agar. According to the results, conidiophores appeared in grape shape and length was range of 21.26-32.52 μm, ovoid conidial dimensions were in the range of 10.03-16.08 × 7.37-11.15 μm and sclerotia size was range 1.91-4.50 × 1.70-4.00 mm. All isolates were attributed to the morphospecies Botrytis cinerea on account of these characteristics. The resulting sequences deposited in GenBank were accessions MT012053 to MT012062, respectively. A BLAST analysis of the resulting 550-bp nucleotide sequences showed 99-100% identity closest matched to B. cinerea. The pathogenicity experiments showed P6 isolates of B. cinerea were highly pathogenic and caused gray mold development on tomato fruits that led to severe symptoms in five days. Meanwhile, the least pathogenic isolate was P9. In terms of temperature, B. cinerea grew faster on PDA at 20ºC, slower grew below 20ºC and did not grow at 25ºC. Identification and characterization of B. cinerea on tomato could potentially provide information to assist disease management strategies for B. cinerea.

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