Pengenalpastian dan Pencirian Gen Mengekod Protein Pengangkut Feromon, Ste6 Kulat Ganoderma boninense
Keywords:
Ganoderma boninense, kelapa sawit, pengawanan, pengangkut feromon, penyakit reput pangkal batang, tetrapolarAbstract
Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is a major crop commodity in Malaysia and Indonesia, contributing more than 80% of global palm oil production; however, its productivity is threatened by basal stem rot (BSR) disease caused primarily by Ganoderma boninense, which results in economic losses of up to USD 500 million annually. Genetic variation in this fungus, generated through sexual mating processes, produces strains with differing levels of virulence, thereby complicating disease management strategies. In pathogenic fungi, mating genes act as key virulence factors as they regulate morphogenesis, proliferation, and the transition from a saprophytic to a pathogenic lifestyle. Although the tetrapolar mating system of G. boninense, involving the matA and matB mating-type loci, has been identified, the pheromone transporter protein Ste6—an essential component of this system—has not yet been reported. This study aimed to identify and characterize the Ste6 protein in G. boninense using bioinformatic approaches and gene expression analysis. The findings revealed that the Ste6 amino acid sequence is highly conserved within the Ganoderma genus, with sequence identity exceeding 90%, and gene expression analysis confirmed its involvement in the mating system. Overall, this study provides the first report of the Ste6 protein in G. boninense. Although its high level of conservation suggests that Ste6 may not be a suitable target for antifungal compound development, the discovery highlights its strong potential as a biomarker for species identification of G. boninense, offering a faster and more accurate alternative to internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based sequencing.
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